The dermatologist, the melanoma and artificial intelligence.

This article looks at the ways in which artificial intelligence systems are adopted and used in the field of dermatology, focusing on the early detection of skin cancers, including melanoma, which is potentially life-threatening. The research draws mainly on semi-structured interviews with dermatologists, mostly specialists in onco-dermatology, some of whom use artificial intelligence devices and/or are involved in their development. After presenting the background to the development of AI in dermatology, the authors identify a range of positions among practitioners on the incorporation of artificial intelligence into their practice. Focusing on the adoption of new tools (scoring systems or automatic skin lesion detection devices) in clinical practice, the analysis shows the extent to which their day-to-day use is contributing to changes in practitioner reflexivity and the production of professional judgements, particularly those linked to the professional vision that AI supports.